PROPAGANDA

Propaganda during the early 1900's has proved effective both to the united States and the world super powers as a whole. 

The effects of the propaganda used in the early stages of the first, second, and the cold war is still felt even up to the twenty first century. propaganda had gained fame far before the cold war began. there are different definitions of propaganda from different scholars, historians and even political analysts. Propaganda according to the Merriam Webster dictionary is "the ideas or statements that are often false or exaggerated and are that are spread in order to help a cause, a political government of leader", propaganda simply put is the use of the mass media or any means of communication to pass false messages or to exaggerate issues that under normal circumstances have no impact on the lives of men but through the use of propaganda such issues and brought to the lime light on a larger scale. there are different kinds of propaganda and there are also different types of propaganda. propaganda comes in various forms, its could come leniently or it could come the hard way. what i mean is, some kinds and types of propaganda come in and aggressive form while others come in a liberal form.

According to G.R Berridge, propaganda is the unscrupulous manipulation of opinions and symbols carried through the mass media. There is one little fact that the Merriam Webster when it was giving us the definition of propaganda, it told us what propaganda is but it refused to tell us how propaganda is being passed or carried out to its audience but in the definition of berridge, he told us what propaganda is , ways by which it is carried out and ways by which it is passed to its audience.

in international politics the ends which propaganda serve are as varied as the aims of foreign policy itself but typically include the following; the encouragement of internal opposition to unfriendly regimes, which is the objective of the american propaganda directed at the soviet union, eastern europe and cuba; and splitting up of hostiles alliances, which is the objective of the soviet union propaganda directed at the european members of NATO;and the fostering of a more friendly attitude abroad to ones state, which is the objective of every governments propaganda. 

Like every other instrument of conflict, propaganda may be employed in moire than one form, depending on its purpose, its target and the skill, ethics and resources of its exponent and like i said in the above paragraph it may be subtle or crude, simply put, propaganda means winning without firing a shot. it is no accident that propaganda has been the main instrument employed in the rivalry between the soviet union and the united states since 1945. Indeed, the very notion of cold war is that of a relationship characterized neither by genuine diplomacy nor war, nor mutual neglect but instead by a sustained and highly charged propaganda exchange. By the time of the first world war the development of large scale publication of the printed word and photograph, together with the invention of the balloons and the aeroplanes, had made it possible to drop leaflets by the thousands over enemy lines. The soviet union stood out, for it had little military and economic strength in the first years after the BOLSHIK REVOLUTION  and thus had no alternative but to rely greatly on the ability of its propaganda machine, to protect the revolution by undermining tehe position of its enemies at home. 

In the 1920s radios appeared on the scene (radio moscow was established in 1922) and in the 1930s the possibilities for international propaganda were further transformed by the widespread adoption of short wave transmission because what was good for the goose was also good for the gander and because the jamming of signals remains difficult and costly, the enduring advantages of radio have ensured that it has remained the pre-eminent medium for international propaganda.